Let $X$ be a metric space and let $A \subseteq X$. Prove that $A$ is open if and only if $A = \bigcup_{a \in A} B(a, r_a)$ for some $r_a > 0$.
Let $X$ be a topological space and let $A \subseteq X$. Prove that the closure of $A$, denoted by $\overline{A}$, is the smallest closed set containing $A$.
Let $X$ be a compact topological space and let $f: X \to Y$ be a continuous function. Let ${U_\alpha}$ be an open cover of $f(X)$. Then, ${f^{-1}(U_\alpha)}$ is an open cover of $X$. Since $X$ is compact, there exists a finite subcover ${f^{-1}(U_{\alpha_i})}$. This implies that ${U_{\alpha_i}}$ is a finite subcover of $f(X)$, and hence $f(X)$ is compact. Introduction To Topology Mendelson Solutions
Conversely, suppose that $A = \bigcup_{a \in A} B(a, r_a)$ for some $r_a > 0$. Let $x \in A$. Then, there exists $a \in A$ such that $x \in B(a, r_a)$. This implies that there exists an open ball around $x$ that is contained in $A$, and hence $A$ is open.
Let $A \subseteq X$. Suppose that $A$ is open. Then, for each $a \in A$, there exists $r_a > 0$ such that $B(a, r_a) \subseteq A$. This implies that $A = \bigcup_{a \in A} B(a, r_a)$. Let $X$ be a metric space and let $A \subseteq X$
Mendelson's book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning topology. The book provides a clear and concise introduction to the subject, making it accessible to students with a basic background in mathematics. The book also includes numerous exercises and problems, which help to reinforce the concepts and provide practice in applying them.
Finally, we show that $\overline{A}$ is the smallest closed set containing $A$. Let $B$ be a closed set such that $A \subseteq B$. We need to show that $\overline{A} \subseteq B$. Let $x \in \overline{A}$. Suppose that $x \notin B$. Then, there exists an open neighborhood $U$ of $x$ such that $U \cap B = \emptyset$. This implies that $U \cap A = \emptyset$, which contradicts the fact that $x \in \overline{A}$. Therefore, $x \in B$, and hence $\overline{A} \subseteq B$. Prove that the closure of $A$, denoted by
Let $X$ be a topological space and let $f: X \to Y$ be a continuous function. Prove that if $X$ is compact, then $f(X)$ is compact.